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A close-up of a stored SpiceJet 737 MAX at Painfield following the plane's global grounding earlier this year. (Photo: | Katie Bailey)
Aircraft Storage
With Covid-19 destroying the travel industry, demand has dropped to almost zero. The plan has been sent to storage for who knows how long. Many aircraft will enter service as demand picks up, but some will be stored longer as it will likely take some time for demand to return to normal. However, there is a whole process involved in keeping aircraft in stock, and it is not as simple as parking a car on a corner and leaving some reflections on the windshield.
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The first thing to consider when parking an aircraft long term is the weather. Constant freezing temperatures can damage the tires. In addition, moisture in the air can cause corrosion. Therefore, many aircraft are sent to aircraft storage facilities in dry climates with little rainfall.
In some cases, when the aircraft is placed in a deeper storage mode, the engines are preserved and sensitive parts such as batteries are removed. While this makes the aircraft cheaper to store, it limits how quickly the aircraft can return to active service. It can often take 120 operating hours to get an aircraft into airworthy condition after storage.
One of the biggest threats to aircraft in storage is rust on the engines. Aircraft engines are designed with the idea that they will be used regularly, so any length of grounding requires proper maintenance. Engines that are not run long enough will rust due to water condensation that often occurs during storage.
For long-term storage, various engine parts must be coated with preservative oils to prevent corrosion. These special oils work better than the normal oil used in aircraft engines to preserve engine parts
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In addition, the engines are "pickled". The oil is replaced with an anti-corrosion solution and desiccant bags are placed in the inlets before they are covered. This entire process prevents corrosion and engine damage. All fuselage openings are also covered with special tape or netting that will prevent insects or small animals from calling these areas their new home. In fact, it is very important to check aircraft nests before launching the aircraft. For shorter storage, the engines should be flushed weekly. Engines should be idled for 15 to 20 minutes to evaporate any moisture that may have accumulated in the oil and fuel systems. Engine parts should be repainted with new oil to prevent corrosion.
Aircraft are usually inspected weekly for corrosion; every two weeks the electrical systems are turned on and tested. About once a month, planes are moved a third of a wheel revolution to prevent tire punctures. Carpets and seats are also inspected for mold and fuel and, if necessary, inspected and dried to prevent water build-up that can lead to bacterial and fungal growth. Every three months, the steering wheel and other controls are activated and moved.
On hot summer days, the doors are opened to provide ventilation so that the cabins are not damaged by the heat. Although this can cause problems before the aircraft is put into service, as dust and grit enter the aircraft and then need to be vacuumed or mopped, which can be a time-consuming and expensive process.
Whether for long-term or short-term aircraft storage, a lot goes into ensuring that airline assets remain in a condition that avoids costly damage and can be returned to service relatively quickly. A good rule of thumb is to always assume that the aircraft will last longer than expected. In this way, the aircraft can be properly prepared for storage right from the start, rather than labor-intensive preservation methods being introduced.
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Hemal took his first flight at the age of four and has been crazy ever since. When he's not working as an analyst, he can often be found outside watching or flying planes overhead. His aircraft is the 747-8i, which luckily Lufthansa flies to EWR, allowing for excellent observations. He firmly believes that the best way to fly between JFK and BIM is through DFW and is always willing to go the extra elite qualification mile. Hemal's views are his own and do not reflect those of his employer.
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At the same time, the reality is that commercial flights have declined drastically, and many airlines, lessors and other aircraft operators have started to reduce their fleets. Small and large aircraft around the world will be parked indefinitely.
We have developed some general guidelines to help maintenance organizations and engineers prepare aircraft and facilities for medium-term storage. The document is written with small and large aircraft in mind (CS-23 and 25), but we believe the same principles apply to helicopters (CS-27 and CS-29).
As a result of the reduced air traffic, small and large aircraft will be stored in special facilities. The storage period will vary from company to company, from one month to several months. The recommendations in this article apply to a maximum storage period of 3 months.
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It should be emphasized that the guidelines in this document will never replace the indications contained in official maintenance documents (eg AMM, EMM, SB, etc.) and are intended as recommendations for the organization and planning of storage activities. The purpose of this article is to provide guidelines for the following steps in the storage procedure:
All actions must be coordinated and formally reported to the maintenance organization so that appropriate actions can be recommended. The store's environmental status will also be described.
The optimal storage environment for aircraft should be clean and free of excess dust. The temperature and humidity range should be as follows: Temperature 10°C – 25°C, Humidity 60% – 65%. For small aircraft, it is recommended that the aircraft be raised during storage to avoid stress on the tires and shock absorbers. If the storage environment is cool and dry within the specified range, regular pitot-static and fuel system water contamination checks are not necessary.
The aircraft is assumed to be fully operational and airworthy until the storage date. If not, maintenance activities must be performed to make the aircraft airworthy before it is put into storage. In this phase it
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